Handling dental diseases

Although the teeth differ in shape, they are similar in structure. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are two diseases of the human teeth. They are caused by plaque, a mixture of saliva and bacteria. If this is allowed to accumulate, the bacteria cause the gums to swell. This is periodontal disease. The swelling may spread to the periodontal membrane if rules or dental hygiene are not followed. With time, the tooth becomes loose and may have to be extracted. Bacteria in plaque may ferment food particles producing acids. The acid slowly but painlessly wears off the enamel and small holes develop. These are dental amalgam. If the decay is allowed to reach the dentine and pulp cavity there is severe pain. It is sometimes necessary to extract the tooth. Well-formed and strong teeth, regular brushing and sufficient use are necessary to prevent dental decay. In addition, bacterial action on refined carbohydrate materials should be avoided. This can be done by reducing the intake of sweets, toffees and chocolates and thorough brushing of teeth after every meal. If possible a dentist should be consulted on a regular (six-monthly) basis to check the state of health of the teeth.